The thyroid gland controls how quickly the body
uses energy, makes proteins, and controls how sensitive the body is to other
hormones. It participates in these processes by producing thyroid hormones, the
principal ones being triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine which can sometimes be
referred to as tetraiodothyronine (T4). These hormones regulate the rate of
metabolism and affect the growth and rate of function of many other systems in
the body. T3 and T4 are synthesized from both iodine and tyrosine. The thyroid
also produces calcitonin, which plays a role in calcium homeostasis.
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